วารสารวิจัยพลังงาน ปีที่10 ฉบับที่2, 2556

Detail:

  1. ABSTRACT

    Olefins cracker faces with not only the price volatility of raw materials and products, but the volatility of fuel cost. Hence, two main purposes of this study are 1) to apply financial derivatives as risk management tool to manage the volatility and price risk of natural gas using as fuel in olefins cracker during year 2011-2012 by studying fuel oil market and price relationship between fuel oil SFO 180 cst, 2% sulfur stated in natural gas price formula and fuel oil HSFO 180 cst, 3.5% using in financial derivatives market, and 2) to recommend hedging strategies and applications of three types of derivatives instrument: Call option, Put option, and Swap.
    The outcome of this research suggests that risk management of natural gas price should be approached by cross hedging strategy in which fuel oil HSFO 180 cst, 3.5% sulfur is being hedged instead of fuel oil SFO 180 cst, 2% sulfur as stated in natural gas price formula. The findings reveal that hedging natural gas price with Long call option does not help to reduce price volatility (Standard Deviation) and Value at Risk (VaR). Hedging natural gas price with Short put option and Swap, however, help to reduce Standard Deviation and VaR results.

    KEYWORDS : Natural Gas, Risk Management, Cross Hedge

  2. ABSTRACT

    The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of technology on energy consumption in intermediate steel industry in Thailand by assessing future events during 2011-2030. Case studies are divided into 2 parts—Part 1) Reference scenario on the basis of current technology which is Electric Arc Furnace Technology (EAF) and Part 2) Technological change scenario in which Ecological and Economic New Generation Arc Furnace (ECOARC) replaces the current technology. This study found that 1) in Part 1: Reference scenario, total fuel consumption is 259.6 ktoe in 2010 and will increase to 558.4 ktoe in 2030 (increase 3.6% per year in average). GHGs emission will be 1,770 thousand tons CO2 equivalent in 2030. 2) in Part 2: Technological change, total fuel consumption of ECOARC will be 407.8 ktoe in 2030 which means that electricity consumption in furnace is reduced by 150.6 ktoe. GHGs emission will be 1,287 thousand tons CO2 equivalent in 2030 (27.28 percent less than reference scenario). Besides, abatement cost of CO2 emission in case of ECOARC is decreasing continuously year by year and annual cost is less compared to Reference scenario. Therefore, ECOARC can reduce CO2 emission better than current technology which results in abatement cost reduction if carbon credit price increases.

    KEYWORDS : Intermediate Steel Industries, Greenhouse Gas Emission, Scenario Analysis, Energy Accounting Model

  3. ABSTRACT

    The aim of this research is to compare the effectiveness of materials used in apertures to reduce the transmission on solar heat. The materials compared were glass and a shading device. The research involved experiments to find the shading coefficient of glazing glass (SHGC) and that of a shading device (SC) which are used in the equation of total heat gain in a wall panel (OTTV) to meet the standard and methods of energy conservation in regulated buildings. The experiment was undertaken in mockup energy test using 3.00 x 3.00 meters panels to measure the rate of energy consumption under real conditions of the Thai climate. These experiments were coupled with computer simulations to find the effect of aperture direction of the rate of energy use in air-conditioned buildings. We under took three case studies undertaken by specifying different coefficients of solar heat gain of glazing glass (SHGC) and that of the shading device (SC), followed by analyzing the results of the two case studies in order to obtain the research results.
    From the studies, we found that energy conservation in air-conditioned buildings was more effective if glass were used instead of a shading device as measured by the coefficient of solar heat gain. Moreover, if the quality of the glass and that of the shading device were improved, the gap between the two coefficients only increased so that glass further outperformed the shading device. If the effect on human comfort were also determined, the glass outperformed the shading device on this measure also. However, the shading device was more effective with respect to one criterion—that of bringing natural light into a building.

    KEYWORDS : Solar Heat Gain Coefficient , SHGC , Shading Coefficient , SC

  4. Abstract

    The main objective of this research is to effectively insulate the glass CVD surface for solar panel production at Bangkok Solar Co.,Ltd. By selecting an appropriate insulation, then measuring the energy consumption before and after the insulation installation for 24 hours, it can be seen that the energy consumption is decreased about 151.82 kWh per machine per day, accounting for 28.86 percent of the total energy use. The ambient temperature is at 30 degrees Celsius. It is found that the deposition machine is still operating normally compared to that before the insulation installation.

    KEYWORDS : Insulation, Heat Transfer, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)

  5. Abstract

    The performance of PV/T system for producing electricity and thermal energy using water as a heat transfer media was studied in this research. The system consists of PV/T collector having an area of 0.79 square meters, storage tank with 80 liters of water, small water pump, water flow rate controller, battery charge controller, and battery. The PV/T collector system was installed on the roof of faculty of engineering building (N13.735558 E100.533257) Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok. The PV/T collector was installed at 15 degree to the floor plain and facing to the south. The test was conducted in October 2012. The parameters were solar intensity, the initial and the final water temperature inside storage tank, the inlet and outlet water temperature from PV/T collector and ambient temperature. During the test, the water flow rate was set constant at 1.2 liters/minute. All parameters were collected every 2 minutes during 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM in 10 days by using data logger. The parameters to analyze the electric power were the voltage and the electric current measured from wire wound resistance in a battery discharging circuit. The electric power then multiplied with time (hr) to result the electric energy. From data analysis, the mean daily thermal efficiency is 40.9%, the mean daily electricity efficiency is 3.0%, and the mean daily overall efficiency is 43.9%. With the historical data of the solar intensity and environment temperature in 2010, the predicted mean electrical energy and the thermal energy from the PV/T system were 78 Wh/day and 1,181 Wh/day, respectively at the hot water temperature of 41.7˚C.

    KEYWORDS : Solar Energy, Photovoltaic Thermal Water Collector, Flat Plate, Efficiency

Volume : 10    Issue : 2    Year : 2013

in: ERI Journal - News, วารสารวิจัยพลังงาน
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